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Family Hope Center WeeFIM® Explanation and Results (April 2025)

Part A: Family Hope Center WeeFIM® Explanation

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About the WeeFIM®

The effectiveness of any therapeutic approach must be periodically assessed using standardized and validated measures. At the Family Hope Center, we assess the effectiveness of our approach using the WeeFIM® instrument, the pediatric version of the Functional Independence Measure® (FIM®). Patient assessment data are recorded in an independent system called the WeeFIM II®.

The WeeFIM II® System

The WeeFIM II® System is the most respected pediatric outcomes management tool in the market. Used by pediatric inpatient, outpatient, and community-based rehabilitation programs, the WeeFIM II® System provides a simple, uniform construct that measures function in children. Based on the principal underpinnings of the FIM® instrument, the system allows clinicians to quickly assess functional status and track progression. It also provides patient-level data, profile reports, and program summary reports that demonstrate individual patient progress and overall program effectiveness (www.udsmr.org/products-pediatric-rehab).

The WeeFIM® Instrument

Both the FIM® and the WeeFIM® were developed from the World Health Organization’s biopsycho-social model of disability – the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health – which identifies individuals as having a disability according to functional ability along various domains, their limitations in basic activities, and participation (or restrictions) in work, school, family life, and other social activities.

Both instruments have also been researched extensively and have high reliability and validity as diagnostic tools. (See Psychometric Properties references below.) This makes them especially useful in measuring the outcome of rehabilitative treatment.

The WeeFIM® itself measures how well children independently perform activities of daily living (ADL) and documents their decrease in need for assistance over time in response to therapy. It assesses functional independence in children with developmental disabilities aged 6 months to 21 years.

The WeeFIM® instrument is divided into three domains

SELF-CARE

The Self-care domain refers to how well a child can feed, groom, bathe, dress, and complete toileting tasks including the management of bowel and bladder.

MOBILITY

The Mobility domain refers to how well a child can transfer in/out of a chair or wheelchair, on/off a toilet, or in/out of a tub or shower. Mobility also includes a child’s ability to walk, crawl, or use a wheelchair, and to go up/down stairs.

COGNITION

The Cognition domain refers to how well a child understands information, expresses themselves, interacts with peers, solves daily problems, and recalls information.

Each domain is made up of a number of items that are individually assessed. In total, there are 18 items distributed across the three domains. Each item is assessed on a 7-level ordinal scale by the clinician, either through parent interview or by observing a child’s performance of essential daily functional skills measured against criterion standards. (See Appendix 1 below.) What this means is that the minimum possible WeeFIM® score is 18 (18 items x 1 on the ordinal scale), and the maximum possible WeeFIM® score is 126 (18 items x 7 on the ordinal scale).

Scoring is categorized into 2 main functional streams: “Dependent” (i.e., requires a helper: scores 1–5) and “Independent” (i.e., requires no helper: scores 6–7). (See Appendices 2 and 3 below.)

Using the WeeFIM® to Track Therapeutic Outcomes Over Time

In their seminal WeeFIM® research, Msall, DiGaudio, Duffy, et al. (1994) administered the WeeFIM® to 417 children without developmental delays or disabilities aged 6 months to 8 years. Their results show a progressive increase in independence regarding daily living skills as children age.

This progressive increase in independence for children without developmental delays or disabilities is summarized in the following table which is based on data included in the Results section of the above-referenced research paper.

Mean Age (Months) Mean Total WeeFIM® Score* Level of Independence
12 20 ± 5 Total assistance
18 38 ± 9 Maximal assistance
24 54 ± 13 Moderate assistance
36 84 ± 12 Minimal assistance
42 91 ± 12 Supervision
60 110 ± 11 Modified independence
84 120 ± 4 Complete independence

*Pearson correlation coefficients for all age groups and total WeeFIM® score are significant at the P < 0.01 level of significance, with the highest correlation between ages 2-5 years (r = 0.8).

Following is a more detailed table (from the WeeFIM II® Clinical Guide v6.4, Appendix B: WeeFIM® Normative Data, 2016) showing this progressive increase in independence for children without developmental delays or disabilities.

Age Interval (Months) Mean Age (Months) Sample Size Total WeeFIM® Rating (Range: 18–126)
Mean Standard Deviation Median
5–76.781818.000.0018
8–109.502528.0012.5224
11–1312.241732.887.7231
14–1615.331936.006.1837
17–1918.621745.8012.4742
20–2221.99855.3313.0552.5
23–2524.182163.5013.3761
26–2827.561267.6327.3865
29–3130.881174.909.6478.5
32–3433.251489.9210.6992
35–3736.382098.1513.0890.5
38–4039.481690.878.0988
41–4342.5712100.009.9998
44–4645.6014101.0010.81101
47–4948.6525102.579.40103
50–5251.3717106.609.10108
53–5554.2221108.5310.37111
56–5857.9610110.2511.22112.5
59–6160.5318115.637.76117
62–6463.076112.179.70114
65–6766.439111.259.27107.5
68–7069.8614116.386.36118
71–7372.1612117.826.63121
74–7675.9212113.277.99113
77–7978.618120.007.75123
80–8281.359120.335.27121
83+90.3329119.745.40122

Appendices 4, 5 and 6 below show the progressive increase in independence for children without developmental delays or disabilities as a function of age for the three domains of Selfcare, Mobility and Cognition.

In their discussion, the authors also conclude that the WeeFIM®’s ability to measure functional independence over time – for both children developing normally and those with developmental disabilities – represented a significant improvement over other widely used developmental assessment tools such as the Battelle Developmental Inventory, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory.

WeeFIM® Quotients

In subsequent papers, Msall, DiGaudio, Rogers et al. (1994) and Msall (2005) use two quotients that provide a normalized way to view a child’s score and progress over time.

(Normalizing is a way of adjusting values so they can be compared more fairly or meaningfully. It helps put things into the same “scale” or “perspective,” even if the original numbers are very different.)

These quotients are defined as follows (Msall, DiGaudio, Rogers et al., 1994):
Functional Independence Quotient = total score / maximum score x 100
Developmental Functional Quotient = total score / mean score for age x 100

The authors also define similar quotients at the domain level:
Functional Independence Quotient = total domain score/ maximum score x 100
Developmental Functional Quotient = total domain score / mean score for age x 100

Additionally, it is important to note that the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSMR) also utilizes these quotients as standardized outputs for every child’s WeeFIM® Profile Report (WeeFIM II® Clinical Guide v6.4, Appendix B: WeeFIM® Normative Data, 2016).

The Family Hope Center also makes use of these normalized measures when analyzing the WeeFIM® data it collects.

How the WeeFIM® is Used Globally

The WeeFIM® is used by inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation facilities around the world to provide an easily understandable record of a child’s progress.

The WeeFIM® is used to:

  • Track functional improvement and goal attainment for individuals or groups of children.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the care individual facilities provide by comparing facility outcomes to national benchmarks.
  • Predict the burden of care at discharge.
  • Network with other pediatric rehabilitation providers.

How the WeeFIM® is Used at the Family Hope Center

At the Family Hope Center, the WeeFIM® is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapeutic plans we teach parents to implement at home. The WeeFIM® allows us to measure a child’s score prior to (or soon after) beginning treatment and then measure a child’s progress over time, thereby providing clear insight into how children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are functioning in the most important environments in which they live, learn, and play.

Appendices

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Appendix 1: WeeFIM Assessment

Appendix 1: WeeFIM Assessment

WeeFIM II® Assessment Coding Form

Case Identification

1. Facility Code ____________________

2. Patient Code ____________________

3. Admission Date ____________________ MM/DD/YYYY

Assessment Information

4. Assessment Type ____________________
(0) Pre-admission (1) Admission (2) Interim (3) Discharge (4) Follow-up

5. Assessment Date ____________________ MM/DD/YYYY

6. Information Source ____________________
Record one item from the list below for follow-up and outpatient only.
(1) Staff (2) Parent (3) Caregiver (4) Patient (5) Other

7. Assessment Method ____________________
Record one item from the list below for follow-up and outpatient only.
(1) In person (2) Telephone (3) Mailed questionnaire (4) Unable to reach

8. Living Setting ____________________
(1) Home (2) Acute care unit of own facility (3) Acute care unit of another facility
(4) Rehabilitation facility (5) Residential facility (6) Transitional living center
(7) Skilled nursing facility (8) Shelter (9) Other (10) Died

9. Living With ____________________
Record one item from the list below only if Living Setting (item 8) was recorded (1) Home.
(1) Two parents (2) One parent (3) Relatives (4) Foster care (5) Other

10. Educational Category ____________________
(1) Not a student (2) Early intervention program (3) Pre-school (4) Kindergarten through 12th (5) Other

11. Educational Setting ____________________
(1) Regular class (2) Regular class with accommodation (3) Special class
(4) Home based or home schooled (5) Daycare, nursery school, center based, or community

12. Health Maintenance ____________________
Record one item from the list below for follow-up and outpatient only.
(1) Own care (2) Unpaid person or family (3) Paid attendant or aide
(4) Paid skilled professional

13. Therapy ____________________
Record one item from the list below for admission, follow-up and outpatient only.
(1) None (2) Outpatient (3) Home-based paid professional therapy (4) Both 2 & 3
(5) Inpatient hospital (6) Day treatment (7) School based (8) Other

14. Therapy Services ____________________
Record one item from the list below for admission, follow-up and outpatient only.
(1) None (2) Physical therapy (3) Occupational therapy (4) Speech therapy
(5) Physical & occupational therapy (6) Physical, occupational, and speech therapy
(7) Other combination

15. Gait Training Equipment ____________________________________

16. Communication Devices ____________________________________

Custom Information

Seizures 0 to 4 ____________________

Blind Y / N ____________________

Deaf Y / N ____________________

Dr. Visits ____________________

Hospitalizations ____________________

WeeFIM® instrument

17. WeeFIM® instrument
Rate the child for each of the items below.

Self-Care

Assessment* Goal Case Goal
a. Eating_______________
b. Grooming_______________
c. Bathing_______________
d. Dressing - Upper Body_______________
e. Dressing - Lower Body_______________
f. Toileting_______________
g. Bladder Management_______________
h. Bowel Management_______________
Self-Care Total_____

Mobility

Assessment* Goal Case Goal
i. Chair, Wheelchair_______________
j. Toilet_______________
k. Tub, Shower_______________
l. Walk, Wheelchair, Crawl_______________
m. Stairs_______________
Mobility Total_____
Motor Total_____

Cognition

Assessment* Goal Case Goal
n. Comprehension_______________
o. Expression_______________
p. Social Interaction_______________
q. Problem Solving_______________
r. Memory_______________
Cognition Total_____

WeeFIM® total _____

* Leave no blanks for this column. If an item is not testable due to risk, enter 1.

WeeFIM® rating levels

No Helper
7 Complete Independence (no device, timely, safely)
6 Modified Independence (device, not timely, or not safely)

Helper - Modified Dependence
5 Supervision (subject performs 100% of the effort)
4 Minimal Assistance (subject performs 75% or more of the effort)
3 Moderate Assistance (subject performs 50% to 74% of the effort)

Helper - Complete Dependence
2 Maximal Assistance (subject performs 25% to 49% of the effort)
1 Total Assistance or Not Testable (subject performs less than 25% of the effort)

Copyright © 2006 Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSMR), a division of UB Foundation Activities, Inc. (UBFA).
All rights reserved.

Appendix 2: WeeFIM Levels of Function (Ratings, Descriptions, and Categories)

Appendix 2: WeeFIM Levels of Function (Ratings, Descriptions, and Categories)

Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper
Decrease in Need and "Burden of Care" (e.g., Insurance Reimbursement)

Appendix 3: Scoring Criteria for a Particular Item (Ratings, Descriptions, and Categories)

Appendix 3: Scoring Criteria for a Particular Item (Ratings, Descriptions, and Categories)

Eating

Eating includes the use of suitable utensils to bring food and liquid to the mouth, chewing and swallowing, once a meal has been presented in the customary manner on a table or tray.

Rating guidelines:

  • Presenting a meal in the customary manner includes opening containers, cutting meat, buttering bread, and pouring liquids.
  • When rating this item, do not consider the child’s use of a knife.
  • If the child functions at different levels during the day (for example, level 5 in the morning and level 4 in the evening), record the lower rating.
  • If the child has a feeding tube that is not used for hydration or nutrition and a helper flushes the tube to maintain patency, do not consider the feeding tube and the parenteral line when rating this item.

No Helper:
7 Complete Independence: The child safely performs all the eating tasks without assistance by eating from a dish, managing a variety of food consistencies, and drinking from a cup or glass after the meal is presented in the customary way on a table or tray. The child uses a spoon or fork to bring food to the mouth, where it is chewed and swallowed.

6 Modified Independence: The child performs all the eating tasks without assistance from a helper, and one or more of the following are true:

  • The child requires an assistive/adaptive device (e.g., long straw, spork, plate guard) to eat.
  • The child requires more than a reasonable amount of time to eat.
  • The child requires modified food consistency, modified liquid consistency, or blenderized food.
  • The child self-administers parenteral or gastrostomy feedings.
  • There is a concern for the child’s safety when he eats.

Helper:
5 Supervision/Setup: The child performs all the eating tasks, and one or both of the following are true:

  • The child requires supervision (standby supervision, cues, or coaxing) to eat.
  • The child requires setup (including application of an orthosis or an assistive/adaptive device necessary for eating) to eat.

Example: A helper applies a universal cuff, after which the child eats without assistance.

4 Minimal Assistance: The child performs 75% or more of the eating tasks.
Example: The child eats most of each meal by himself and only requires a helper to feed him the last three or four bites.

3 Moderate Assistance: The child performs 50% to 74% of the eating tasks.
Example: A helper scoops each bite of food onto a fork or spoon, after which the child brings the food to his mouth, chews the food, and swallows it.

2 Maximal Assistance: The child performs 25% to 49% of the eating tasks by eating solid food, finger feeding, or holding a bottle, but the child requires maximal assistance to do so.
Example: A helper scoops each bite of food and provides hand-over-hand assistance to the child.
Example: The child uses his fingers to feed himself crackers, cookies, and bite-size pieces of fruit, but a helper must feed him other foods.

1 Total Assistance: One or more of the following are true:

  • The child performs less than 25% of the eating tasks (or none of them) by taking a bottle or breast-feeding within a reasonable amount of time, but the child requires total assistance to do so.
  • The child does not eat or drink full meals by mouth, relying instead on other means of alimentation (e.g., parenteral feedings, gastrostomy feedings).
  • The child requires assistance from two helpers to eat.

Example: The child takes three or four bites of each meal, and a helper feeds the remainder of each meal to the child.
Example: A helper performs 100% of the work necessary to feed the child.

Appendix 4: Progressive Increase in Independence for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities as a Function of Age for Self-care Domain

Appendix 4: Progressive Increase in Independence for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities as a Function of Age for Self-care Domain

Self-Care Domain: Norm Data

6 Self-care and 2 bowel and bladder items

(minimum = 8, maximum = 56)

Figure 25: Self-care normative data

Self-Care Domain Rating (Raw Rating)

5-7 8–10 11–13 14–16 17–19 20–22 23–25 26–28 29–31 32–34 35–37 38–40 41–43 44–46 47–49 50–52 53–55 56–58 59–61 62–64 65–67 68–70 71–73 74–76 77–79 80–82 83+
2 SD Above 9.51 12.26 13.87 17.03 24.24 32.85 31.07 50.10 37.96 50.57 53.73 50.67 53.96 55.41 55.70 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00
1 SD Above 8.92 10.87 12.17 14.41 19.62 25.55 25.63 37.09 32.16 44.00 43.94 43.90 47.52 48.67 49.09 50.93 54.53 55.19 54.77 54.38 53.92 54.93 56.00 54.56 56.00 56.00 55.56
Mean 8.33 9.48 10.47 11.79 15.00 18.25 20.19 24.08 26.36 37.43 34.15 37.13 41.08 41.93 42.48 44.59 48.05 48.50 49.94 47.00 48.33 50.36 51.17 47.67 53.25 52.11 52.24
1 SD Below 8.00 8.09 8.77 9.17 10.38 10.95 14.75 11.07 20.56 30.86 24.36 30.36 34.64 35.19 35.87 38.25 41.57 41.81 45.11 39.52 42.74 45.79 46.13 40.78 49.50 48.07 48.92
2 SD Below 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 9.31 8.00 14.76 24.29 14.57 23.59 28.20 28.45 29.26 31.91 35.09 35.12 40.28 32.24 37.16 41.22 41.09 33.89 45.95 44.03 45.60
Maximum 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56
Minimum 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Appendix 5: Progressive Increase in Independence for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities as a Function of Age for Mobility Domain

Appendix 5: Progressive Increase in Independence for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities as a Function of Age for Mobility Domain

Mobility Domain: Norm Data

3 transfer and 2 locomotion items
(minimum = 5, maximum = 35)

Figure 26: Mobility normative data

Mobility Domain Rating (Raw Rating)

5–7 8–10 11–13 14–16 17–19 20–22 23–25 26–28 29–31 32–34 35–37 38–40 41–43 44–46 47–49 50–52 53–55 56–58 59–61 62–64 65–67 68–70 71–73 74–76 77–79 80–82 83+
2 SD Above 5.00 22.88 23.60 27.80 31.30 32.92 32.09 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 34.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
1 SD Above 5.00 16.33 17.89 22.03 25.65 27.21 27.90 33.34 32.24 33.37 34.01 33.89 34.76 34.42 35.00 34.60 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
Mean 5.00 9.78 12.18 16.26 20.00 21.50 23.71 25.55 28.00 30.79 31.55 32.25 32.08 32.93 33.40 32.82 32.71 33.90 34.00 34.33 33.33 34.00 34.17 34.83 34.38 34.56 34.55
1 SD Below 5.00 5.00 6.47 10.49 14.35 15.79 19.52 17.76 23.76 28.21 29.09 30.52 29.40 31.44 31.79 31.04 28.45 32.70 32.72 33.51 31.60 32.96 33.14 34.44 33.64 33.55 33.92
2 SD Below 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 8.70 10.08 16.33 9.97 19.62 26.63 26.63 28.79 26.72 29.95 30.18 29.26 24.19 31.50 31.44 32.69 29.87 31.92 32.11 34.06 32.90 32.64 33.29
Maximum 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
Minimum 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Appendix 6: Progressive Increase in Independence for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities as a Function of Age for Cognition Domain

Appendix 6: Progressive Increase in Independence for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities as a Function of Age for Cognition Domain

Cognition Domain: Norm Data

2 communication and 3 social cognition items

(minimum = 5, maximum = 35)

Figure 27: Cognitive normative data

Cognitive Domain Rating (Raw Rating)

5–7 8–10 11–13 14–16 17–19 20–22 23–25 26–28 29–31 32–34 35–37 38–40 41–43 44–46 47–49 50–52 53–55 56–58 59–61 62–64 65–67 68–70 71–73 74–76 77–79 80–82 83+
2 SD Above 5.00 12.36 11.18 11.57 16.20 18.26 32.47 29.24 26.78 35.00 34.81 32.36 35.00 35.00 33.88 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
1 SD Above 5.00 9.43 9.27 10.13 13.40 15.38 26.15 23.12 23.64 29.93 29.13 27.58 31.96 33.45 30.33 33.94 32.98 33.22 35.00 34.85 34.16 35.00 35.00 34.09 35.00 35.00 35.00
Mean 5.00 6.50 7.36 8.09 10.60 12.50 19.85 17.00 20.50 22.62 23.45 22.80 27.73 27.23 26.78 29.53 29.87 29.13 32.25 30.83 30.50 32.54 33.00 31.55 32.86 33.67 33.11
1 SD Below 5.00 5.00 5.45 7.25 7.80 9.62 13.54 10.68 17.36 15.31 17.77 18.02 23.51 21.01 23.23 25.12 26.76 25.04 28.59 26.81 26.84 29.58 30.68 29.01 29.19 31.94 29.97
2 SD Below 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.81 5.00 6.74 7.23 5.00 14.22 8.00 12.09 13.24 19.29 14.79 19.68 20.71 23.65 20.95 24.93 22.79 23.18 26.62 28.36 26.47 25.52 30.21 26.83
Maximum 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
Minimum 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

References

Seminal Publications:

  • Granger, C. V., Hamilton, B. B., Keith, R. A., Zielezny, M., & Sherwin, F. S. (1986). Advances in functional assessment for medical rehabilitation. Topics in geriatric rehabilitation, 1(3), 59-74
  • Msall, M. E., DiGaudio, K., Rogers, B. T., LaForest, S., Catanzaro, N. L., Campbell, J., Wilczenski, F., & Duffy, L. C. (1994). The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) conceptual basis and pilot use in children with developmental disabilities. Clinical Pediatrics, 33(7), 421-430
  • Msall, M. E., DiGaudio, K., Duffy, L. C., LaForest, S., Braun, S., & Granger, C. V. (1994). WeeFIM: normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clinical Pediatrics, 33(7), 431-438

WeeFIM and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities:

  • Ottenbacher, K. J., Msall, M. E., Lyon, N., Duffy, L. C., Ziviani, J., Granger, C. V., Braun, S. & Feidler, R. C. (2000). The WeeFIM instrument: its utility in detecting change in children with developmental disabilities. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 81(10), 1317-1326
  • Slomine B. (2011) Functional Independence Measure for Children. In: Kreutzer J.S., DeLuca J., Caplan B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY
  • Msall, M. E. (2005). Measuring functional skills in preschool children at risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 11(3), 263-273

Psychometric Properties:

  • Sperle, P. A., Ottenbacher, K. J., Braun, S. L., Lane, S. J., & Nochajski, S. (1997). Equivalence reliability of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM®) administration methods. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51(1), 35-41
  • Ottenbacher, K. J., Taylor, E. T., Msall, M. E., Braun, S., Lane, S. J., Granger, C. V., Lyons, N., Duffy, L. C. (1996). The stability and equivalence reliability of the functional independence measure for children (WeeFIM®). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38(10), 907-916
  • Ottenbacher, K. J., Msall, M. E., Lyon, N., Duffy, L. C., Ziviani, J., Granger, C. V., Braun, S., Feidler, R. C. (2000). The WeeFIM instrument: Its utility in detecting change in children with developmental disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(10), 1317-1326
  • Kim, G. W., Kim, H., Jeon, J. Y., Jang, J. S. (2022). Validity and Reliability of Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) for Children With Cerebral Palsy. Inquiry: a Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing. 59, 1-12
  • Chen, C. C., Bode, R. K., Granger, C. V., & Heinemann, A. W. (2005). Psychometric properties and developmental differences in children’s ADL item hierarchy: A study of the WeeFIM® instrument. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 84(9), 671-679
  • McDowell, I. (2006). Measuring health: a guide to rating scales and questionnaires. Oxford University Press, USA

Comparisons with Other Pediatric Developmental Assessment Tools:

  • Ottenbacher, K. J., Msall, M. E., Lyon, N., Duffy, L. C., Granger, C. V., & Braun, S. (1999). Measuring developmental and functional status in children with disabilities. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 41(3), 186-194
  • Willis, C. D., Gabbe, B. J., Butt, W., & Cameron, P. A. (2006). Assessing outcomes in paediatric trauma populations. Injury, 37(12), 1185-1196

About the WeeFIM (UDSMR Resources):

  • Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSMR)
  • The FIM Instrument: Its Background, Structure, and Usefulness
  • The WeeFIM II ® System and Instrument
  • Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. 2016. The WeeFIM II® Clinical Guide, Version 6.4. Buffalo: UDSMR

International Use of the WeeFIM:

  • Wong, V., Wong, S., Chan, K., & Wong, W. (2002). Functional independence measure (WeeFIM) for Chinese children: Hong Kong cohort. Pediatrics, 109(2), e36-e36
  • Serghiou, M. H., Rose, M. W., Pidcock, F. S., Esselman, P. C., Engrav, L. H., Kowalske, K. J., & Lezotte, D. C. (2008). The WeeFIM [R] instrument–a paediatric measure of functional independence to predict longitudinal recovery of paediatric burn patients. Developmental neurorehabilitation, 11(1), 39-50
  • Tur, B. S., Küçükdeveci, A. A., Kutlay, Ş., Yavuzer, G., Elhan, A. H., & Tennant, A. (2009). Psychometric properties of the WeeFIM in children with cerebral palsy in Turkey. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(9), 732-738

Part B: Family Hope Center WeeFIM® Results

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SECTION 1

In Section 1, we will present Family Hope Center WeeFIM® results for 1461 children who were classified as having one of the following seven disability types:

  • ADD/ADHD
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Brain Dysfunction
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Developmental Delay
  • Genetic Disorders
  • Speech and Language Impairments

The results cover the period from 2002 to 2021.

SECTION 2

In Section 2, we will present a subset of these same Family Hope Center WeeFIM® results that focuses on the three most common disability types present in the overall data set:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Developmental Delay

These three disability types represent more than 78% of the total results (1142 children in the subset/1461 children in total).

SECTION 3

In Section 3, we will present Family Hope Center WeeFIM® results from the same overall data set that show WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for select individual children with developmental delays or disabilities compared to WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for children without developmental delays or disabilities for the following disability types:

  • ADD/ADHD
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Brain Dysfunction
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Developmental Delay
  • Genetic Disorders
  • Speech and Language Impairments

Section 1

Family Hope Center WeeFIM® Results for 1461 Children Who Were Classified As Having One of Seven Disability Types (Data From 2002 to 2021)

The seven disability types represented in the data set are:

  • ADD/ADHD
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Brain Dysfunction
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Developmental Delay
  • Genetic Disorders
  • Speech and Language Impairments

Breakdown of the number of children with each disability type:

ADD / ADHD 0
Autism Spectrum Disorder 0
Brain Dysfunction 0
Cerebral Palsy 0
Developmental Delay 0
Genetic Disorders 0
Speech and Language Impairments 0
Disability Type # of Children % of Total
ADD / ADHD 120 8.2%
Autism Spectrum Disorder 252 17.2%
Brain Dysfunction 74 5.1%
Cerebral Palsy 388 26.6%
Developmental Delay 502 34.4%
Genetic Disorders 97 6.6%
Speech and Language Impairments 28 1.9%

For each child whose results are in the data set, a WeeFIM® evaluation was conducted at each visit during the child’s treatment period.

Treatment periods for children in the data set ranged from a single visit to more than 20 visits.

The plots in this section show the average WeeFIM® total score and the average domain scores (Self-care, Mobility, and Cognition) for Visit 1 (Admission) through Visit 10. Stopping at Visit 10 ensures that the number of data points for each visit is greater than or equal to 10% of the total analyzed population.

(In Section 3, we will present plots for some individual children whose treatment period extends beyond Visit 10.)

The interval between visits is approximately 6 months. The elapsed time between Visit 1 (Admission) and Visit 10 is approximately 4.5 years.

The results in this section are presented as follows:

First, summary statistics about the entire analyzed population are shown.

Second, a series of four plots is presented:

  • The 1st plot presents the total WeeFIM® scores for the entire population being analyzed.
  • The 2nd plot presents the Self-care WeeFIM® scores for the entire population being analyzed.
  • The 3rd plot presents the Mobility WeeFIM® scores for the entire population being analyzed.
  • The 4th plot presents the Cognition WeeFIM® scores for the entire population being analyzed.

All plots are laid out in the same way:

  • The left y-axis is the Functional Independence Quotient (total score or total domain score/ maximum score x 100). Values can range from a minimum of 14% (18/126) to a maximum of 100% (126/126).
  • The right y-axis is the Rating Descriptor hierarchy. Descriptors from
    minimum to maximum are:

    • Total Assistance
    • Maximal Assistance
    • Moderate Assistance
    • Minimal Assistance
    • Supervision/Setup
    • Modified Independence
    • Complete Independence
  • The x-axis has markers for each visit, starting with Admission (Visit 1) on the far left and continuing out through Visit 10 on the far right.

Following each plot is a WeeFIM® Levels of Function chart with markers to show the Level of Function at Visit 1 (Admission) and the Level of Function at Visit 10.

Summary Statistics

Item Value
Group Name Family Hope Center WeeFIM® Results for Seven Disability Types
Date Range Covered (years) 2002 - 2021
Number of Children in Treatment Group 1461
Average Starting Age (years) 6.3
Average Ending Age (years) 8.9

Average WeeFIM® Scores

Figure 1

Seven Disability Types: Number Per Group and Percent of Total

Hovering over a section you will see the subpopulation both as a number and a % of the total population

Figure 2

Average WeeFIM® Total Scores: Seven Disability Types Combined: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Description Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Average 39.5 62.1 22.6
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching Visit 10
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper Visit 1
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper

Figure 3

Average WeeFIM® Self-Care Scores: Seven Disability Types Combined: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Description Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Self-Care 37.1 57.2 20.1
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching Visit 10
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper Visit 1
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper

Figure 4

Average WeeFIM® Mobility Scores: Seven Disability Types Combined: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Description Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Mobility 51.4 66.6 15.2
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching Visit 10
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching Visit 1
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper

Figure 5

Average WeeFIM® Cognition Scores: Seven Disability Types Combined: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Description Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Cognition 31.5 65.3 33.8
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching Visit 10
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper Visit 1
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper

Section 2

Family Hope Center WeeFIM® Results for the Three Most Common Disability Types Present in the Overall Data Set (Data From 2002 to 2021)

In this section, we will present a subset of the Family Hope Center WeeFIM® results that focuses on the three most common disability types present in the overall data set:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Developmental Delay

The results in this section are presented as follows:

First, summary statistics about the entire analyzed population are shown.

Second, a series of four plots is presented:

  • The 1st plot presents the total WeeFIM® scores for these three most common disability types.
  • The 2nd plot presents the Self-care WeeFIM® scores for these three most common disability types.
  • The 3rd plot presents the Mobility WeeFIM® scores for these three most common disability types.
  • The 4th plot presents the Cognition WeeFIM® scores for these three most common disability types.

All plots are laid out in the same way:

  • The left y-axis is the Functional Independence Quotient (total score or total domain score/ maximum score x 100). Values can range from a minimum of 14% (18/126) to a maximum of 100% (126/126).
  • The right y-axis is the Rating Descriptor hierarchy. Descriptors from minimum to maximum are:
    • Total Assistance
    • Maximal Assistance
    • Moderate Assistance
    • Minimal Assistance
    • Supervision/Setup
    • Modified Independence
    • Complete Independence
  • The x-axis has markers for each visit, starting with Admission (Visit 1) on the far left and continuing out through Visit 10 on the far right.

Following each plot is a chart that characterizes Level of Function at Visit 1 (Admission), Level of Function at Visit 10 and notes the change in the number of levels between Visit 1 and Visit 10.

Summary Statistics

Item Value
Group Name WeeFIM® Results for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Delay
Date Range Covered (years) 2002 - 2021
Total Number of Children in the 3 Treatment Groups 1142 (78% of total of 1461)
Number of Children in Each Group 252 - Autism Spectrum Disorder (17%)
388 - Cerebral Palsy (27%)
502 - Developmental Delay (34%)

Figure 6

Average WeeFIM® Total Scores: Three Most Common Disability Types: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Autism 45.5 73.6 28.1
Cerebral Palsy 24 51.1 27.1
Developmental Delay 42.9 69.9 27
Average WeeFIM® Total Score Autism Spectrum Disorder Cerebral Palsy Developmental Delay
Visit 1 (Admission): Level of Function Moderate Assistance Total Assistance Moderate Assistance
Visit 10: Level of Function Supervision/Setup Moderate Assistance Minimal Assistance
Change in Levels of Function +2 +2 +1

Figure 7

Average WeeFIM® Self-Care Scores: Three Most Common Disability Types: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Autism 40.6 69.2 28.6
Cerebral Palsy 21.6 45.3 23.7
Developmental Delay 41.1 65.4 24.3
Average WeeFIM® Self-Care Score Autism Spectrum Disorder Cerebral Palsy Developmental Delay
Visit 1 (Admission): Level of Function Maximal Assistance Total Assistance Maximal Assistance
Visit 10: Level of Function Minimal Assistance Moderate Assistance Minimal Assistance
Change in Levels of Function +2 +2 +2

Figure 8

Average WeeFIM® Mobility Scores: Three Most Common Disability Types: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Autism 69.7 85.7 16
Cerebral Palsy 24.4 49.5 25.1
Developmental Delay 56 77 21
Average WeeFIM® Mobility Score Autism Spectrum Disorder Cerebral Palsy Developmental Delay
Visit 1 (Admission): Level of Function Minimal Assistance Total Assistance Moderate Assistance
Visit 10: Level of Function Modified Assistance Moderate Assistance Supervision/Setup
Change in Levels of Function +2 +2 +2

Figure 9

Average WeeFIM® Cognition Scores: Three Most Common Disability Types: Visit 1 to Visit 10

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Autism 28.9 68.6 39.7
Cerebral Palsy 27.5 62.1 34.6
Developmental Delay 32.7 69.9 37.2
Average WeeFIM® Cognition Score Autism Spectrum Disorder Cerebral Palsy Developmental Delay
Visit 1 (Admission): Level of Function Maximal Assistance Total Assistance Maximal Assistance
Visit 10: Level of Function Minimal Assistance Minimal Assistance Minimal Assistance
Change in Levels of Function +2 +3 +2

Section 3

Family Hope Center WeeFIM® Results for Select Children With Developmental Delays or Disabilities That Show WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities (Data From 2002 to 2021)

In this section, we will present Family Hope Center WeeFIM® results from the same overall data set that show WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for select individual children with developmental delays or disabilities compared to WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for children without developmental delays or disabilities for the following disability types:

  • ADD/ADHD
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Brain Dysfunction
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Developmental Delay
  • Genetic Disorders
  • Speech and Language Impairments

The results in this section are presented in a similar way for each subgroup.

There are 3 graphs and 2 charts in each subgroup.

    • The 1st graph presents the WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for five children in the subgroup being analyzed whose total WeeFIM® percent gained is 40% or greater, compared to WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for children without developmental delays or disabilities.
    • The 2nd graph presents the WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for one of the five children in the subgroup being analyzed whose age at the beginning of treatment was between 6 months and 3 years old, compared to WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for children without developmental delays or disabilities.
      • The 2nd graph is followed by a WeeFIM® Levels of Function chart with markers indicating the average Level of Function at the first assessment and the last assessment for the individual child whose results were presented in the 2nd graph.
    • The 3rd graph presents the WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for one of the five children in the subgroup being analyzed whose age at the beginning of treatment was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for children without developmental delays or disabilities.
      • The 3rd graph is followed by a WeeFIM® Levels of Function chart with markers indicating the average Level of Function at the first assessment and the last assessment for the individual child whose results were presented in the 3rd graph.

All graphs are laid out in the same way:

  • The left y-axis is the Functional Independence Quotient (total score or total domain score/ maximum score x 100). Values can range from a minimum of 14% (18/126) to a maximum of 100% (126/126).
  • The right y-axis is the Rating Descriptor hierarchy. Descriptors from minimum to maximum are:
    • Total Assistance
    • Maximal Assistance
    • Moderate Assistance
    • Minimal Assistance
    • Supervision/Setup
    • Modified Independence
    • Complete Independence
  • The x-axis shows age in years. Each circle on each plot represents a WeeFIM® assessment score administered at a given age in years.
  • The left-most plot on each graph presents the WeeFIM® progress as a function of age for children without developmental delays or disabilities.
  • The other plots to the right of the left-most plot on each graph present progress for select children in each subgroup that show WeeFIM® progress as a function of age.

1st Subgroup: ADD/ADHD

Total WeeFIM® Functional Independence Quotient % Gained
(Range Across 5 Children Selected)
Rating Descriptor Levels Gained
(Range Across 5 Children Selected)
41% to 52% 3 - 4

Figure 10

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for Five Children With ADD/ADHD Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Child Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child 1 47.6 92.1 44.5
Child 2 59.5 100 40.5
Child 3 25.4 77.8 52.4
Child 4 50.8 91.3 40.5
Child 5 36.5 88.1 51.6

Figure 11

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With ADD/ADHD Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Between 6 Months and 3 Years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child With ADD/ADHD (2.9 Years Old) 25.4 77.8 52.4
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance Last Assessment
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

Figure 12

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With ADD/ADHD Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child With ADD/ADHD (7.6 Years Old) 50.8 91.3 40.5
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety Last Assessment
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching First Assessment
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper

2nd Subgroup: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Total WeeFIM® Functional Independence Quotient % Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected) Rating Descriptor Levels Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected)
55% to 71% 4 - 5

Figure 13

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for Five Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Child Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child 1 31 85.7 54.7
Child 2 15.9 76.2 60.3
Child 3 20.6 92.1 71.5
Child 4 14.3 78.6 64.3
Child 5 31.7 91.3 59.6

Figure 14

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Between 6 Months and 3 Years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder (9 Months) 14.3 78.6 64.3
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance Last Assessment
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

Figure 15

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder (6.3 Years) 31 85.7 54.7
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety Last Assessment
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper First Assessment
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper

3rd Subgroup: Brain Dysfunction

Total WeeFIM® Functional Independence Quotient % Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected) Rating Descriptor Levels Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected)
42% to 71% 3 - 5

Figure 16

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for Five Children With Brain Dysfunction Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Child Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child 134.188.154
Child 214.385.771.4
Child 314.361.947.6
Child 429.471.442
Child 521.474.653.2

Figure 17

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Brain Dysfunction Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Between 6 Months and 3 Years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child With Brain Dysfunction (1.5 Years)14.385.771.4
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety Last Assessment
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

Figure 18

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Brain Dysfunction Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child With Brain Dysfunction (6.1 Years)21.474.653.2
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance Last Assessment
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

4th Subgroup: Cerebral Palsy

Total WeeFIM® Functional Independence Quotient % Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected) Rating Descriptor Levels Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected)
55% to 64% 4 - 5

Figure 19

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for Five Children With Cerebral Palsy Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Child Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child 119.884.164.3
Child 226.281.755.5
Child 319.884.164.3
Child 416.771.454.7
Child 51973.854.8

Figure 20

WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Cerebral Palsy Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Between 6 Months and 3 Years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child With Cerebral Palsy (2.2 Years)19.884.164.3
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance Last Assessment
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

Figure 21

WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Cerebral Palsy Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child With Cerebral Palsy (7.6 Years) 16.7 71.4 54.7
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance Last Assessment
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

5th Subgroup: Developmental Delay

Total WeeFIM® Functional Independence Quotient % Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected) Rating Descriptor Levels Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected)
69% to 75% 4 - 6

Figure 22

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for Five Children With Developmental Delay Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Item Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child 12710073
Child 214.383.369
Child 315.185.770.6
Child 425.410074.6
Child 529.499.269.8

Figure 23

WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Developmental Delay Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Between 6 Months and 3 Years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child With Developmental Delay (1.5 Years) 14.3 83.3 69
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance Last Assessment
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

Figure 24

WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Developmental Delay Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Disability Type Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve 14.3 95 80.7
Child With Developmental Delay (3.3 Years) 25.4 100 74.6
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids Last Assessment
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

6th Subgroup: Genetic Disorders (Including Down Syndrome)

Total WeeFIM® Functional Independence Quotient % Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected) Rating Descriptor Levels Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected)
56% to 72% 4 - 5

Figure 25

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for Five Children With Genetic Disorders Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Item Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child 114.373.859.5
Child 214.370.656.3
Child 320.680.259.6
Child 42789.762.7
Child 514.386.572.2

Figure 26

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Genetic Disorders Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Between 6 Months and 3 Years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Item Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child With Genetic Disorder (5 Months)14.386.572.2
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety Last Assessment
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

Figure 27

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Genetic Disorders Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 40% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Item Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child With Genetic Disorder (5.3 Years)2789.762.7
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety Last Assessment
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

7th Subgroup: Speech and Language Impairments (Note: Minimum % Gain Reduced From 40% to 17%)

Total WeeFIM® Functional Independence Quotient % Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected) Rating Descriptor Levels Gained (Range Across 5 Children Selected)
17% to 50% 1 - 3

Figure 28

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for Five Children With Speech and Language Impairments Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 17% or Greater Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Item Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child 160.387.327
Child 243.793.750
Child 360.37716.7
Child 464.383.319
Child 514.340.526.2

Figure 29

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Speech and Language Impairments Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 17% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Between 6 Months and 3 Years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Item Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child With Speech and Language Impairments (2.5 Years)14.340.526.2
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper Last Assessment
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper First Assessment

Figure 30

WeeFIM Progress as a Function of Age for One of the Five Children With Speech and Language Impairments Whose Total WeeFIM® Percent Gained is 17% or Greater and Whose Age at the Beginning of Treatment Was Greater Than 3 years Old and Less Than 10 years Old Compared to WeeFIM® Progress as a Function of Age for Children Without Developmental Delays or Disabilities

Item Start (%) End (%) Percent Gained (%)
Normative Curve14.39580.7
Child With Speech and Language Impairments (9.4 Years)43.793.750
Helper / No Helper Category Rating Descriptor Rating Level of Function
No Helper Independence Complete Independence 7 Child safely performs all the tasks without assistance from a helper, within a reasonable amount of time, and without modifications, assistive devices or aids
Modified Independence 6 Child performs all tasks without assistance from a helper but requires either an assistive device/aid/prosthesis/orthosis, takes more than a reasonable amount of time, or there is a concern for the child’s safety Last Assessment
Helper Modified Dependence Supervision / Setup 5 Child performs all the tasks but requires either supervision without physical contact or setup assistance
Minimal Assistance 4 Child performs > 75% or more of the tasks, requiring no more help than touching
Moderate Assistance 3 Child performs 50% to 74% of the tasks, requiring physical assistance beyond touching First Assessment
Complete Dependence Maximal Assistance 2 Child performs 25% to 49%, requiring maximal assistance from a helper
Total Assistance 1 Child performs <25% of the tasks, requiring total assistance from a helper

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